Preventing childhood obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Preventing childhood corpulency - Essay ExampleFactors associated with increased risk for overweight or corpulency in infancy and early childhood include excessive maternal weight gain or smoking during gestation, shorter-than-recommended duration of breast-feeding, and suboptimal amounts of sleep during infancy (Wojcicki and Heyman).Effects of obesity on children are numerous, and for the most part, negative. obesity makes children sluggish and intervenes in their healthy physical development. It lowers childrens self-esteem. In addition to that, obesity is also one of the main causes of such diseases and health conditions in children as high blood pressure and diabetes that are conventionally associated with adults particularly in the old age.(Kimbro and Rigby) studied the effects of the federal food policy on the obesity in children, and found that food assistance is likely to cause childhood obesity particularly in the cities where the prices of foods are high. They also found that subsidized meals offered to the children at the day care centers or in the schools dish up them maintain the right weight because of which, there is need to expand the poor childrens access to subsidized meals. The US government is taking serious steps to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity. One of the trials that subscribe been started in the recent years is the Lets Move campaign by Michelle Obama that is directed at revamping the food products nutritional labeling to empower the consumers and especially the parents, improving the National School Lunch Programs nutritional value, improving the access of all communities in the US to the high-quality foods, and increasing the physical activity for children. This way, this campaign combats childhood obesity by making a holistic effort. By directly emphasizing the authorisation risks for lifetime obesity that present in infancy and early childhood and providing the structure and direction for

The challenges of realising benefits from ISIT Essay

The challenges of realising benefits from ISIT - Essay ExampleIt also provides culture about the challenges line of workes brass section to implement and operate nurture systems.Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) are compound into every area of organisations business. A closer look at how IT and IS shape up internal and outer environments in which businesses operate, is provided belowWith the advent of internet, the traditional business environment has shifted to the e-world. With business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumers (B2C), internet and e-commerce provides a market bulge out free from geographical boundaries, where companies tail buy and sell from virtually anywhere around the globe. This provides an opportunity to organistions to strive their reach and enhance their businesses. Internet and e-commerce is a direct benefit of technology adoption for business use.As stated above, the entire world has become a single marketplace. To succeed in this market, companies merge and bring forth other companies, enter into long term strategic alliances and partnerships with companies half way across the world, and develop business ecosystems that benefit both organisations. These moves require consistent and continuous communication, swift and speedy responses and strategy formulation capabilities, and face to face meetings between parties thousands of miles apart. This would not have been possible had it not for information technology. IT provides the necessary infrastructure to charter video and teleconferencing, message transfers and 24x7 connectivity through satellite, telephones and internet. Faster Business CyclesDue to the advancement in technology, the business cycles for products and service have become faster. Companies can not wait for a long time to develop a product as competitors will almost always surpass. Information technology has provided the necessary speed, accuracy, and reliability to significantly red uce cycle times while enhancing the quality, comprehensiveness and timeliness of the product and/ or service.Enterprise election PlanningThe introduction of information systems having a large scope comprising of the entire organistion, has marked the beginning of green light resource planning systems or ERPs. An ERP is a software system that attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company on a single computer system that can serve all those departments detail needs (Koch, 2006). Accountability and TransparencyConverting business operations on information systems allow the organisations ability to downplay risks of frauds, unauthorised access to sensitive data and information, and enhances internal control environment for the organisation.Knowledge Management development the power of information technology, organisations can develop knowledge bases in form of intranet and electronic portals. This can be used as a central location to hold all the required poli cies, procedures, guidelines and other information necessary for workers to carry out their job responsibilities. In addition, it provides a platform that allows communication among all employees who can share views, obtain expert advice, and give feedback on the

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

immigration - Essay ExampleAfrican countries have been the solid grounds leading source of immigrants for centuries. As Okome (2005) states, the ageless civilized wars, communal riots, famine and military sabotage in African countries including Ethiopia, Nigeria, Liberia, Democratic Republic of congo and Sierra have been providing the world with thousands of refugees every year. Among these, a major portion is accommodated by the US. Nigerian civil war, Somalia conflict, Liberian civil war and the Eritrean-Ethiopian war also caused intense immigration to western countries and to the US (Okome, 2005). Since spectral and ethnic conflicts have increased more than ever before, people in many parts of the world are under the threat of anytime forced migration. In other words, ethnically and politically divided states, doubtful and corrupt governments and political systems, and dictatorships, lack of civility, increased lawlessness (Cox & Pawar (2005 p.277), are the major causes of forced migration.In addition, accredited environmental factors also cause massive migration in various parts of the world. For instance, natural phenomena such as sea level rise, hurricanes and typhoons, drought, wildfire, heat waves, volcanoes, and earthquakes make millions of people ecological refugees every year.Furthermore, governments infrastructure projects such as building of dams, roads or tourist resorts often demand forced migration. World Bank estimates that 90 million people were displaced in the 1990s as a result of infrastructure projects (Digby B, 2001p.167). Therefore a few causes of immigration such as globalization, financial policies, and infrastructure modification are closely associated with global change.The recent developments like globalization and the subsequent economic growth and downfalls also contributed to the extraordinary level of migration. Obviously, globalization exposed a new world of opportunities to the people of African Continent and

Documenting the media revolution Research Paper

Documenting the media alteration - Research Paper ExampleNonetheless, the profits began spreading in 1983 as university and research center networks. The mesh got its first significant pull ahead in 1990 following the invention of the web by Tim Berners-Lee. The second boost of the Internet was witnessed in 1993 following the release of the first browser Mosaic. At the time, the Internet was only amicable in few developed countries. The Internet, however, began spreading rapidly from 1994 onwards. Today, almost every part of the world is earnings accessible (Kozlowski 2). Nevertheless, the spread of the Internet did not bring an end to the traditional print media, radio, movies, or television. Instead, it created its avouch space as a new form of media to access documents, obtain information, broaden knowledge, and communicate crossways the world and languages (Kozlowski 3). With the invention and spread of the Internet, booksellers began selling books online both within and outside the home country. Libraries also began ontogenesis websites as virtual window and digital libraries stemming from their print collections. The website made it possible for patrons to surf information they required at a period search engines were less accurate and unreliable. With time, subroutine library catalogues went online. This was followed by the availability of online magazines and news bases, as well as their archives. Lebert notes that, with the spread of the Internet, authors began developing websites for their works online (3). Today there are several online books do it possible for people to read online without having to buy a printed book. Libert reveals that the Internet has become a common order of communication and interaction since 2009. It offers people the opportunity to work, communicate, study, and entertain through the Internet (Primary Research Group 48). This makeup will discuss the history of e-books, as well as the various devices where e-book s are read. It will also explore how e-books e-magazines and e-newspaper reading may become more of internet connective or group activity. Finally, the paper will provide a prediction of how books will be read in the next decade. 1.1. history of e-books The history of e-books dates back to 1971 following the invention of the e-text 1by Michael stag in his swan Gutenberg. Lebert reveals that, after the invention of the e-book, Hart disseminated the e-books to the rest of the world (5). The project Gutenberg allowed people of the twentieth century to have a digital library free of charge. Despite skepticism from many people who criticized Hart for his idea, he went ahead to prove them misuse by inventing an e-book. Hart with the assistance of volunteers began by creating online Bibles, which became a huge success. This was followed by the creating Shakespeare online book. Lebert indicate that, by 1989, Project Gutenberg had completed its tenth e-book. Among the books are The King J ames Bible (1769) both New and Old testaments and 5M for the wide files. Research indicates that there were only about 250,000 internet users by 1990. This stage is considered an infant stage of the Internet where the standard was just 360 k disks. Later on in 1991, Hart typed Lewis Carrolls, Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865) followed by Peter Pan (1904) by James M. Barrie. Lebert reveals t

The dimensions that determine the quality of services Term Paper

The dimensions that determine the quality of supporters - Term Paper lawsuitThere atomic number 18 three dimensions that determine the quality of service which are responsiveness, empathy and assurance. This paper will call the dimensions.To avoid confrontations, most customers do not make direct complaints to businesses when not satisfied with their services. A to a greater extent significant reason is that they are not accorded a convenient channel to complain and believe a complaint will not yield effective results in terms of a solution (Goetsch, 2010). To rectify service quality and retain clients, attract new ones, and generate more business with the existing ones, service managers should encourage them to complain when things go wrong. This will clear the clients perception that organizations do not care to mend mistakes while demonstrating the willingness of the service providers to be encouraging (Goetsch, 2010). Many organizations rely on the traditional, reactive r ecovery enigma solving methods, where the process is initiated by the clients. However, the proactive methods where the organization initiates the process are more effective. Clients should be asked questions on how services may be improved and encouraged to use suggestion boxes and comment cards. With this approach and perspective from the providers, clients will have the comfort of knowing they are dealing with an organization that is willing to be helpful and responsive towards meeting their expectations (Goetsch, 2010). Organizations that do not display a willingness to help through effectively responding to complaints put up to their service failures by failing the clients repetitively.Business organizations need to respond to clients requests and complaints by providing prompt and efficient services (Bhat, 2010). Timely deliveries convey a sense of responsibility and urgency and help build a clients confidence and encourage repeat orders. Punctual responses also demonstrate to clients that their concerns are also the organizations concerns and they are given priority

Editorial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Editorial - Essay ExampleCertain situations like the expression of Diane Pretty of Luton reflect that living may at times be in such a condition that death would seem to be a solution to their pains. Diane whose body had become paralyzed from the make do had to be fed through a pipe. The pain and sufferings of the woman made her wish that she died peacefully and with arrogance before the disease killed her (Right-to-die case dismissed). Although courts did not all toldow her to take the step, but situations like these keep up the perform of euthanasia where an individual may require the need to get ultimate relief.Several arguments point in support of the pr minuteice. A change in the outlook has been observed that reflects that doctors and professionals in countries like the United States argon becoming supportive of the act if it is made legal (Otlowski, 326-327). Several organizations in Washington also support the act including National Association of Social Work, the Ame rican Civil Liberties Union of Washington, and many others (Cundiff, 84). The support primarily arises from the fact that an individual who would never recover may choose to die since the process would relieve the psyche from his pains.Others viewers believe that euthanasia should be a punishable offence. Since it is a completely private preference, no one from outside should perform such an act on another individual (Somerville, 77). The practice of euthanasia has also been opposed on ethical grounds as well that can be reflected through theories like Divine Command Theory and Kants Moral Theory. The Divine Command Theory opposes all sorts of activities related to euthanasia supporting normal death of an individual. Kants Moral Theory focuses on the primary(prenominal) objectives of undertaking euthanasia and determines the consequences before deciding on supporting or not supporting the act (Stewart, 81-89). The main reason for majority of people not supporting the act of euthan asia is because they believe that life is the most

International relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

International relation - prove ExampleJohn Mearscheimer terms Chinas rise as un-peaceful and believes that macrocosm in mooring to challenge United States of America, it will definitely give the super power some headache in age to come, and with its neighbors being largely under the influence of America, the dark clouds might well show up in future. The economic race is on, and for now, China has the policy of back burner towards military and arms race, yet it cannot be ruled out that China will engage in race that is directed towards self defense. fit to the author, America might well follow the strategy pursued during the cold war against U.S.S.R. China at the same time, is not sitting unaware and is making alliances in Asia and other regions with bid to reduce the X-factor. and so the author sees it as non peaceful endeavor by China which may trigger in years ahead (Li & Lee, 2011).The entry of china into the World Trade Organization is seen as a mega event in the prospect o f world economics and trade affairs. Being amongst the ranks of other nations who are large has large twine of manufacturing around the world. W.T.O is highly boosted by the presence of player like China. It is the third largest player in the superjacent organization. Chinese policy and economic situation is more towards the open end, and would have definite impact on the world economy and this organization. It will increase competition amongst the large exporters of the world.Chinas presence may end the monopoly being held by few nations before chinas surge in this domain, alone it will definitely bring a spark in the manner in which activities are being held (Panitchpakdi & Clifford, 2002).The classical school of thought circles around the human contribution to the state of affairs and holds it directly trusty for the disorder and peace that may prevail in the world. The classical realism is believed to

Relief o choking in victims one year of age and older Essay

Relief o choking in victims one class of age and quondam(a) - Essay ExampleWhen in that respect is plenty of nasal secretion in the airways of a chela, breathing difficulties whitethorn arise during feeding and in the periods between meals, because some children are unable to open their mouths wide equal once their noses are bunged up. As a child in new born, inhalation difficulties are in all probability to arise, if there is a mechanical balk in the airways. Problems with both inhalation and exhalation can depute cardiac dyspnea in children. Yet, the most common reasons for choking in children aged one socio-economic class or older include breathing in a small object, a part of a toy, food or some other object that might block airways, i.e. throat and windpipe. It is also likely that children breathe in vomited material, while being asleep/unconscious.Generally, choking in children aged one year and older is caused by the obstruction of a childs airways, which can be divid ed into devil main kinds mild and severe airway obstruction (Blair-Harmon). Naturally, handling different kinds of choking depends greatly on recognition of them and knowledge of symptoms.The signs indicating mild airway obstruction are the following there is a dandy air exchange in a childs airways the child is responsive and coughs forcefully the child might wheeze between coughs (Blair-Harmon). This type of obstruction is easy to get rid of as there is a good air exchange and apnea is virtually impossible. Thus, it is important to encourage breathing efforts and coughing in children until the foreign object is removed. Moreover, one mustnt interfere with the attempts to remove the foreign object or consummate first aid, yet it is necessary to stay with the child and monitor the situation the need to call 911 may arise, if mild airway obstruction still persists.Another and more serious type of mechanical obstruction is severe airway obstruction that is crucial to be recogni zed promptly. In this case, there is no

Philadelphia Fight Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philadelphia sputter Organization - Assignment ExampleBesides just being concerned with the development of research and treatments, the governing provides a home to prevention, education and providing more information serve concerning the ailment. It has acquired immune deficiency syndrome library and carry pop out a number of projects which are related to the disease as well as activism in combating the disease (Philadelphia Fight Organization, 2012). The cheek is non big enough and it has its operations centered at Philadelphia where it provides the free operate to the affected. The system being a charitable and non profit organization, its hands are tied and can not get involved to activities which can make it get income. This has made the organization to depend entirely on the services of the volunteers which to a certain extent has some challenges. The reliance of the organization to volunteers has made it not to mother clear human imagination policies making it have challenges when it comes to human resource developments. The staffs do not support thorough recruitment since there is lack of money to pay the well qualified personnel. This has been the big challenge that the organization has been experiencing since its inception. The major legal concern of the organization is how to get justice slange for the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS victims as many of them are suffering as a result of actions which were beyond them. Some of the victims of HIV they are working with were subjected to that status as result of rape by gangs which were beyond the patients control. The organization finds it challenging to get justice for these victims owing to the nature of events which is very difficult to follow. Similarly, the organization lacks the professionalism in dealing with legal challenges affecting the organization as many of the staffs are from medical field and dont know more about law. This has rendered a legal challenge which the organizati on has to deal with in attempts to promote justice (Philadelphia Fight Organization, 2012). The organization can competently deal with these legal concerns through setting a separate entity of staffs which deals with legal matters. This will help in dealing with the legal concerns which will perceive justice done to the patients who felt victims as a result of actions which were beyond their control. For this exercise to be effective, the organization needs to get experts through recruitment of staffs that can diligently deal with these issues and solve them. It also requires the organization to have money which will be used in recruiting staffs who will be addressing legal issues which are concern to the organization. Addressing legal concern which affects the employees needs experts hence this can only be dealt with through recruiting those competent for it. The organizations need to take a number of actions into consideration in order to expand into other markets in the intern ational arena. The organization needs to embark on the qualified staffs within its departments in order to get good and efficient services. This can begin from recruiting and training of staffs responsible for the human resource in order to equip them with the task they will be carrying out. Training of the staffs will also summation the competency among the human resource personnel which will intern be reflected to other departments resulting to quality of services being rendered by the organization. When the staffs are equipped more so

Techniques for Conducting Company Analysis and Stock Valuation Assignment - 2

Techniques for Conducting Company Analysis and Stock Valuation - Assignment employmentUsing comparables entails the use of an organizations earnings in the process of valuing and organizations stock as soundly as analysis. Earnings also referred to as the net income or net profit, are the remaining measuring after a firm settles all of its outstanding bills. In stock valuation and company analysis, at that place are earnings per share (EPS) which entails the meter of earnings in coming up with an apples-to-apples comparison. To find the cherish of earnings per share, the expert analyzing the company divides the divides the dollar amount of the reported earnings of a corporation the before long outstanding number of shares in the enterprise.Free cash menstruation techniques are the most common measurement used by experts, among other investment bankers, for valuing stock as comfortably as analyzing public and head-to-head companies. This is in contrary to the fact that the m ajority of individual investors lack the knowledge of cash flow. Cash flow is simply the amount of money flowing through a company during the business trading level or the companys activities, usually a quarterly or a year, after doing outdoor(a) with fixed expenses. At times cash flows are referred to as earnings realized before interest, taxation, change magnitude and accounting of an account as well as depreciation.Options-based techniques entail the analysis of the company as well as the valuation of its stock as an alternative approach since it takes full consideration of the risks associated with a venture. eon considering these risks, they recognize the ability of firms to postpone a venture until a later time or preferably engage in a partial investment.

Theorem of Pythagoras in Mathematics Math Problem

Theorem of Pythagoras in Mathematics - Math Problem display caseWhen I whistle around the diagonal of the square, or the nine-point circle, or the Euler line, I am not talk of the town about the often rather sketchy and highly imperfect drawing on the blackboard, scarcely about something which underlies all particular exemplifications of squares and diagonals, nine-point circles, or Euler lines, and is independent of each of them 2. The very fact that we use the definite article, and talk of the square, the nine-point circle, etc., bears witness to this and by the same token, it would be absurd to ask where the square was, or to ask when the nine-point effect came to be on the Euler line, or to suggest that Pythagoras theorem might hold for you but not for me. So Platos resolve to the question What is mathematics about is that it is about something time little, spaceless(prenominal) and objective 3.Among the five postulates which Euclid wanted us to grant the ordinal one is I f a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same position less than two right angles, the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which are the angles less than two right angles. ... aight lines makes the interior angles on the same side less than two right angles, the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which are the angles less than two right angles. These were generally taken to express axiomatic truths. This is somewhat surprising, in that the first iii are not really propositions at all, but instructions expressed in the infinitive, and the last to a fault complex to be self-evident no finite man can see it to be square(a), because no finite man can see indefinitely far to make sure that the two lines in reality do meet in every case. Many other formulations of the fifth postulate have been offered, both(prenominal) in the ancient and in the modern world, in the hope of their be ing more self-evidently true4 . Among them the most notable was In a right-angled triangle, the square on the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares on the other two sides 5. Fig 1.1 6The alternative formulations of the fifth postulate of the theorem are less incompetent and may be more acceptable than Euclids own version, but none of them are so self-evident that they cannot be questioned. The importance of Pythagoras proposed theorem can be seen from the fact that Pythagoras theorem is far from being obviously true, something that should be tending(p) without more ado, it does not need any further justifications. In fact, none of the other alternative formulations was matt-up to be completely obvious, and they all seemed in need of some kind of further justification. The philosophers Wallis and Saccheri in take care of a better justification, devoted years to trying to prove the fifth postulate by a reductio ad absurdum, assuming it to be false and trying to derive a contradi ction. The attempt failed, but in the course of it he unwittingly discovered

From world cities to gateway cities & Extending the boundaries of Coursework

From orb cities to gateway cities & Extending the boundaries of globalization theory - Coursework ExampleStill, there is a privation of attention paid to the cities with less number of populations than in the worlds largest cities. The decisive importance of Globalization theory in the modern context can be seen in its ability to transform the worlds society attitude to the gateway cities as potential global cities, but with their own cultural, governmental and economic potential. Thus, it is more interesting to discuss the way globalization causes a negative impact on gateway cities. This term, created by Grant (1999) and Grant and Nijman (2000) implies that any city may be a ordinary for economic, cultural and political relations exchange. Urban experience of the process of globalization has numerous peculiarities and it plays the same crucial role as the experience of the worlds cities (Short et al, 2000). The impact of globalization is evident is even in the small cities. Mo reover, a process of globalization emerges in every city and influences on certain facial expression of the cities. For example, Prague has been subjected to cultural globalization, Seattle, Sioux Falls were transformed into economic centers. A process of globalization is mediated by pith of global cultural models.

Reproductive Health Choices For Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease Essay

Reproductive Health Choices For Young Adults with reaping hook Cell Disease or Trait - Essay ExampleThe evidence level of the abstract is III. It is because the query has been conducted from gathering evidences from the case, correlation and comparative studies. The fill makes use of the different recognized, experts, peer reviewed and case studies comparison.It is difficult to report the purpose of the study. However, the problem statement is detailed but the documental of the study still remains misty and unclear. It seems that the article talks more about the aw beness of the issues through the assistance of eBooks rather than emphasizing on the main objective of the issue. The problem statement has not been clarified defined due to which the objective of the interrogation has been blurred. It talks more about the comparison of the intervention and its comparison with the usual care. However, it does not brief advantageously about the main objective of the study aims to at tain through the comparison of the intervention but is focuses on the knowledge, intention and behaviors.As the purpose statement of the research has been blurred the research perplexity of the study are also weak. The research does not clearly define the research question, the wording and the sentence of the research question have been merged within the paragraph that makes the research question not clear. The research question for the study is We now report pretest and immediate post-test findings from a randomized controlled trail of the CHOICES intervention for young adults with SCD or SCT. It shall be noted that the objective of the research question is blurred and does not clarify specify the objective it aims to attain through this research.Yes, the hypothesis is present in the article. The hypothesis for the study is compared with the usual care meeting, the CHOICES group would report increased reproductive health knowledge, intention, and planned behavior changes consiste nt with their parenting plan, when pretest scores were controlled. It is a

Teaching Styles & Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

command Styles & Technology - Essay ExampleBeca use up teaching and encyclopedism are at best semi-structured movementivities, neither is tributary to automation. Yet certain aspects of instruction, particularly the delivery of development characteristics or teaching styles are prone to automation. development classroom technologies facilitate student access to information to improve the availability or worldly concern of tuition materials. In contrast to automated classrooms that improve the efficiency of information delivery, the goal here is to make new, qualitatively better information available that would otherwise not be. Learning networks, hypermedia, simulations, and virtual reality are information classroom technologies.While IT infrastructure developments represent attempts to provide technology tools to improve the teaching and/or education processes, they are often undertaken without a thorough assessment of the learning gains desired or even possible. For insta nce, graduate(prenominal) expectations without clear objectives and realistic goals may lead to the development of state-of-the-art facilities, at once impressive heretofore intimidating, replete with potential yet lacking clear guidelines on how to use the technology to achieve learning improvements.Learning sets are often classifie... The primary competing cognitive model is constructivism.The objectivist model of learning is based on Skinners stimulus-response theory learning is a change in the behavioral disposition of an organism (Jonassen, 1993) that can be shaped by selective reinforcement. The tenet of the model is that there is an objective reality and that the goal of learning is to understand this reality and modify behavior accordingly (Jonassen, 1993). The goal of teaching is to facilitate the transfer of noesis from the expert to the learner. Errors in understanding are the result of imperfect or incomplete knowledge transfer. The model makes several pedagogical as sumptions regarding learning and instruction. In terms of learning, the first assumption is that there exists a reality that is agreed upon by individuals. Second, this reality can be represented and transferred to a learner. Third, the purpose of the mind is to act as a mirror of reality rather than as an interpreter of reality (Jonassen, 1993). Fourth, all learners use essentially the same processes for representing and understanding the world. In terms of instruction, the objectivist model assumes that the goal of teaching is to efficiently diffuse knowledge from the expert to the learner. Instructors structure reality into abstract or generalized representations that can be transferred and and so recalled by students (Yarusso, 1992). The objectivist model may be the most appropriate model in some contexts--for example, in factual or procedural-based learning. However, models challenging objectivism have emerged. The most widely accepted alternate model is

Computer Network Mangment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

reckoner Network Mangment - Essay ExampleSANTA CLARA, Calif. -- While Wi-Fi networks are often seen as simple and in valuable to deploy, on that point are plenty of hidden costs and complexities lurking under the surface. Now, a number of new vendors are collected to remedy those problems. Panelists at the Pulver.com Wireless Internet Summit give tongue to that problems with radio frequency interference and station surveys often plague enterprises deploying wireless local area networks. Wireless LAN deployments are often expensive for companies because RF surveys, which help ensure proper network coverage, can cost as much as $1,000 per access point, said Albert Lew, director of product management for Burlington, Mass.-based wireless LAN vendor Legra Systems Inc. IT departments usually need the expertise to do these surveys themselves, he said. Interference is also becoming a problem for many businesses, said Tyler Burns, product marketing manager with Ottawa-based wireless prod ucts manufacturer IceFyre Semiconductor Inc. He noted that the growing popularity of Wi-Fi, and the legion(predicate) technologies that compete with it, are taking up much of the space in the 2.4 GHz RF band. Having proud quality of service over Wi-Fi networks will be increasingly important, particularly when it comes to voice and eventually telecasting data, because that technology was not intended for those uses, said Warren Sly, director of marketing for Bellevue, Wash.-based in-building wireless infrastructure companionship RadioFrame Networks Inc. Third-party vendors, such as San Francisco-based Sputnik Inc., are developing products that can help IT managers both configure access points and promise them, ensuring better coverage. Dave Sifry, CTO and co-founder of Sputnik, said that his companys products enable IT managers... This paper approves that training library users becomes more intensive and extended when IT is accessible. contend with budget allocations and increa sing demands from staff and the public becomes a skill that demands accurate knowledge of constituencies including accurate knowledge on the enrollment figures, number of teachers, degrees held, conferred degrees, information seeking patterns, library use patterns, and substantial knowledge slightly their clout in the organization.Using rules set up by the Network Administrator, the firewall either permits or denies access. This undertake makes a conclusion that IT implementation generally has special staff of necessity. Levels of required IT expertise will sidetrack according to the innovation. Managers will have to identify staff members with expertise and allow time for these to pursue hike up training, or resort to hiring trained people. Even this requires considerable effort in assessing the need and building a need for new hiring to upper management. Clearly, the issues, problems and implications of developing and implementing a LAN, or any innovation are faraway from si mple and straight forward. The ones mentioned in this paper are just a summary of those perceived as critical. Many other issues must be taken in consideration depending on the library, the staff and the purlieu in each organization. The management must be versed on the necessary techniques to assess the needs and determine the feasibility of any innovation in the workplace and its impact on staff and the users combine with political savy.

Reflection paper- transition from RPN to RN Assignment

Reflection paper- transition from RPN to RN - Assignment ExampleTransitioning from RPN to RN makes you realize that the work at of an RN requires special skills in leadership to ensure all the nurses work in a cooperative manner for the best interest of the unhurrieds.Given that the health sustentation facilities have a mixture of two RPN and RN, there is a need for the team to establish syner acceptic working relations that avoids the possibility of conflicts during the practice. Having served antecedently as a RPN, I did not have practical experiences of how to handle the different roles that come with being in charge of my team. Consequently, there are times when it becomes difficult to merge all the diverse perceptions held by the nurses in assisting the patients cope with their problems. For instance I have had challenges in creating effective plan for the faster recovery of patients since the other members always come up with alternatives they thought was better especial ly with regard to quality of care and amount of time spent with the patients. Since most of the members of the team did not have confidence in the suggestions I presented as the best plan for the patients, I felt they did not think I had the qualities to be their leader. act of my professional skills in conflict resolutions is also a challenge that has affected my practice since the transition from RPN and RN. I have identified that in most cases involving conflicts in the team I work with, there is a breakdown in communication where is becomes difficult passing my point through to the members. This is especially true when pursuance to exercise what I consider as my more comprehensive knowledge in nursing by taking advantage of the in-depth and wide knowledge base. There are those in the group who feel they should get more responsibilities as opposed to being limited in the practice of less complex patient needs. This is for instance when selecting between the roles of RPN and RN w ith members

Formulate and implementation of research question following agreed procedures and to specifications Essay Example for Free

Formulate and carrying into action of query question following agreed procedures and to specifications EssayHow can Ferrero attract much customers to its brand and so increasing its food food market sh ar in Shanghai? Reason to choose this working titlemainland Chinas economic development and social openness is growing, and larger imports of goods from abroad. Rising income levels and growing interest for westbound products have been driving hot chocolate confectionery demand in the last decades. With double-digit growth year subsequently year, the market offers huge opportunities for development but to a fault requires foreign companies the implementation of consistent marketing strategies and square-toed targeting to meet local consumers buying patterns. As for Ferrero, there are already many chocolate brands in China market, such as Dove and MM. So, it is really principal(prenominal) to ensure the present schema of Ferrero is appropriate for China market, and t he methods of how to attract much customers. In order to appeal to more customers by enhancing Ferreros market sale in China becomes the mainly concept in my research.Background of FerreroHistory of FerreroIn 1946, Pietro Ferrero invented a cream of hazelnuts and cocoa, derived from Gianduja and to be spread on bread, and called it Pasta Gianduja. Ferrero created the new company to produce and market it. Later on his sons became joint chief executives. Michele Ferrero modified his fathers recipe to produce Nutella, which was first sold in 1964 and has become popular around the world. The company places great emphasis on secrecy, reportedly to guard against industrial espionage. It has never held a press conference and does not allow media visits to its plants. Ferreros products are made with machines designed by an in-house engineering department.ProductsIn addition to Nutella, Ferrero produces many other products, including Ferrero Rocher, Pocket Coffee, Mon Chri, Giotto, Confette ria Raffaello coconut cream candy, Hanuta chocolate hazelnut-filled wafers, the Kinder disceptation of products, as well as the Tic Tac breath mints. Ferrero also produces the Kinder product series and The company received an creation award for the frozen products called Gran Soleil in March 2011. The main background and related research caseFerrero is an Italian manufacturer of chocolate and other confectionery products. It was founded by confectioner Pietro Ferrero in 1946 in Alba, Piedmont, Italy. story Institutes 2009 flock ranks Ferrero as the most reputable company in the world. Ferrero is a private company own by the Ferrero family and has been described as one of the worlds most secretive firms. The Ferrero Group worldwide now headed by CEO Giovanni Ferrero includes 38 trading companies, 18 factories and approximately 21,500 employees. Ferrero International SAs headquarters is in Luxembourg. Its German pulverisation is the largest of all and Pasquale Giorgio is its c urrent CEO. High quality, crafted precision, product freshness, careful selection of the finest raw materials, respect and consideration for customers these are Ferreros key words and values which have helped make its confectionery well-known and loved by millions of consumers all over the world. And I provide focus on how to attract consumers through the prefers of products for Ferrero in the militant market.PurposeThe aim of this essay is to conduct a market research to explore the opportunities that Ferrero can pipe down exploit in the chocolate market in China. Moreover, the objective of my tentative research will be listed as follows. Theories and marketing concepts are used to synopsis the Chinese consuming behavior, which plays a very important role in shaping the market of chocolate. Environment has to offer in relation to the features and the objectives of the company analyzed, the research focuses on the marketing strategy adopted by Ferrero in China. The evolution of its marketing approach is analyze into details, in order to highlight what are the key success factors for Ferrero. Ferreros marketing tools, data collected fromthe survey and a case study are applied to develop viable marketing strategies that aim to burgeon forth full advantage of a market that offers considerable resources still unexplored by the company. Findings reveal that the possibilities for Ferrero to distend in the market of chocolate for self-consumption in China are enormous. According to these, this essay is going to analysis the dress up and PEST of Ferrero. And fall out out how Ferrero takes into consideration local consumers needs and wants in the formation of the marketing mix of its products.ScopeFerrero is an international company, and Corporation engages in a diverse range of businesses, so I just research the Ferreros market sale in China chocolate market. I will find out a theoretical review regarding the implementation of a complete and sound market analy sis, put to death through the application of theoretical models, information and data collected from appropriate and academic research and surveys conducted on the field. Besides, I am going to gather information from outside through questionnaire format to investigate local customers in two weeks. Not only hand out questionnaires to the public in the open, but also distribute them by e-mail or website. And I will interview some marketing effect who worked in hypermarkets to perfect the information resources.Theoretical frameworkFor the part of theoretical framework, SWOT and PEST will full-scale propose about advantage and evil of Ferreros market sale in China. a) SWOTS1. Brand advantage being the first company to introduce chocolate in the surface area soon after its reopening to the outside world, Ferrero succeeded in establishing its chocolate as a luxurious and exotic product. 2. market benefit do not have joint venture enterprises and manufacturers in China. Make the deci sion more flexible with fewer risks. 3. Source of origin in Europe the country of origin is Italy. 4. Technological transcendency possesses of more than 60 years experience and advanced craft technology of making chocolate. 5. Quality advantage regardless of cost, has always been sticking to the best natural raw material, including hazelnut, cocoa, andcoffee beans. W1. Sales disadvantage there is no production factory in China, so it carries many time-consuming in the transport.2. The monetary value is too expensive.3. Without some sort of specific policies compared with Chinas domestic brands of chocolate, Ferrero neediness of government policies to protect its market sale.4. The lack of brand management copies are full of Chinese market.For example, intellectual property rights cases of Montresor (zhangjiagang) food co. Ltd.O1. The chocolate market in China has great development potential Rising income levels and growing interest for westbound products have been driving chocolat e confectionery demand in the last decades, the China chocolate market offers huge opportunities for development. 2. For competitors for example, Leconte did not set up the premium brand image. And it is a opportunity for Ferrero.T in that respect are too much competitors in the chocolate high-end market Ferrero has only a limited strawman in Chinas marketplace, which is 2.32%.b) PESTPoliticalChinas entry into the WTO, international mickle and further strengthening of internal and external communication become more and more. Also it is the main causation that Ferrero can enter the Chinese market. Italy is in the European Union In recent years, China trades more with the EU than any other partner. The products of Ferrero certified by SGS, food safety certification, IOS and GMP EconomicThere is an expanding market in China for chocolateCost-consciousIncreasing of average Chinese incomeSocial-culturalChinese customers become more health consciousChocolate shows how peoples physical and cultural lives are changing Have been maintained by Ferrero loyaltyTechnologyStrengthen the development of new tastesContinuous improvement in impairment of chocolate preservationGrowth of internet use to increase demand for online and mobile phone shopConclusion (size 14)(Insert conclusion text here size 12)Recommendations (size 14)(Insert recommendations here in BULLET POINT set size 12)List of references Harvard References (size 16)(List references here in Harvard format size 12)(If you are having problems with referencing see your lecturer for guidance)

The US and Thailand Free

The US and Thailand Free EssayThe US and Thailand Free commenced negotiations in value of a Free avocation Agreement (FTA) on June 28, 2004. Approximately six rounds of talks in the midst of the dickens countries have been conducted pursuant to the FTA negotiations as of 2006.US bedchamber of Commerce flip Policy) The every coiffeall intent is to liberalize hatful in goods, agriculture, and investment and harmonization of intellectual property rights (Ahearn and Morrison, 2004) Ever since the founding of the World passel Organization (WTO and its General Agreement on Trade and services (GATT) developed nation component states, much(prenominal) as the US have adhered to the WTOs policy to help developing and less developed member states such as Thailand improve their economic growth by entering into bilateral trade agreements with them. (Fbiosa et ales, 2005) Thailand has over the years demonstrated a keener willingness to open its markets to liberalized trade than m any of the separate Asian nations. This particularly so in the area of agriculture. relations among Thailand and the US commenced as early as 1833 with the Trade and love and Commerce Agreement. (US Chamber of Commerce Trade Policy) By 1966 the Treaty of Amity and Economic transaction was successfully negotiated between the two countries with each country granting the other equal trade treatment.(US Chamber of Commerce Trade Policy) The 1966 Treaty came to an end in 2004, although extended by mutual agreement to celestial latitude 2006, the FTA is intended to ascertain back its place. (US Chamber of Commerce Trade Policy) Aside from the economic benefits to both countries, the US hoped to strengthen US-Thailand relations for the procedure of combating terrorism. This fact together with cultural differences, a political crisis in 2006, health concerns and Thailands relationship with other Asian nations have proven problematic for both countries in reaching a mutual agreement.( US Chamber of Commerce Trade Policy) This paper examines the US-Thailand FTA Agreement, its history and its future track with reference to the difficulties that impede bringing the negotiations to a final conclusion. History and Background Thailand has long since been regarded as an ally of the US, a business office that was only fortified during the Cold War period and strengthened even further following the terror attacks on the US on September 11, 2001.(Chanlett-Avery, 2006) The relationship between the US and Thailand has always been characterized by mutual trade and economic interests. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) Following the 2001 terrorist attacks in the US the relationship took on a new dimension when it became obvious that Thailand shared, at least in part the US desire to fight terrorism in the Southeast Asian region. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) These facts and circumstances together with Thailands strong economic and political ties to China puts Thailand in a position to have some influence in the Far East. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006)Recognizing the strategic economic and political position of Thailand in the Asia- peace-loving area and its close ties with the US, President George Bush designated Thailand as a major non-NATO ally in 2003. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) This title is partly collectable to Thailands history of financial backing to the US during the Cold War and partly due to its position with admire to the US counter terrorism initiatives. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006) Aside from sending troops to aide the US in its wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Thailand authorities arrested a high-profile Islamic rebel in a joint Thai-US feat in 2003. (Chanlett-Avery, 2006)Co-existing with these diplomatic and amicable relations was the Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations between the US and Thailand which was signed in Bangkok on May 29th 1966. (US-Thai Treaty of Amity, 1966) The 1966 Treaty permits US citizens and companies structured in Thailand or in the US to hold a ll the shares in a business locate in Thailand and to conduct business in Thailand in the same manner as Thai citizens. at that place were certain restrictions on American investments including land holding, fiduciary services, communications, transportation, domestic agricultural trade and damaging innate(p) resources.(US-Thai Treaty of Amity, 1966) The Treaty also provided favourable treatment to Thai businessmen upon application for entry visas into the US for business purposes. Moreover, there were no restrictions on repatriating funds to Thai by Thai business concerns in the US. (US-Thai Treaty of Amity, 1966) The Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations should have expired in September 2006 still was extended to a further period of 90 days bringing it to an end in December of 2006 instead.(US Chamber of Commerce Trade Policy) In anticipation of the expiration of the Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations and the economic success of trade relations between the US and Thai, Pr esident Bush and Thai blush Minister Thaskin announced on 19 October, 2003 plans to negotiate a bilateral trade agreement between the two countries. (Ahearn et ales, 2004) In March 2004, both countries announced that negotiations would commence in June of 2004. (Ahearn et ales, 2004)The first two rounds of negotiations took place in Thailand in 2004 with a third round taking place there in 2005. (Ahearn and Morrison, 2006) 4th and Fifth rounds of negotiations were conducted in Montano on September 26-30, 2005 in Hawaii and earlier in the year at element 109 on July 15. (Ahearn and Morrison, 2006) A sixth round was conducted in Thailand which ended all talks as a result of political unrests in Thailand. (Ahearn and Morrison, 2006) While some progress was made at the ordinal round of talks in Hawaii, the remaining talks were for the most part unsuccessful.Essentially what was agreed to at the 5th round of talks was the removal of barriers to trade with the emphasis on tariffs with respectfulness to goods crossing US borders to Thailand and vice versa. (Thailands licit News Update, October, 2005) Both the linked States and Thailand also agreed that Internet Service Providers should be included in all talks relative to intellectual property rights protection. (Thailands Legal News Update, October, 2005) Further agreement was made by the US to permit Thailand patent protection with respect to its rice and silk products.(Allison, 2006) The details of these agreements are discussed in much greater detail later on. The World Trade Review reported that the fourth round of negotiations held in Montana did not yield particulars of any detail agreements. However, the talks went well enough to ensure that both parties were likely to come to an arrangement at the fifth round of talks in Hawaii, (World Trade Review, 2005) which as previously noted did yield a consensus on tariffs and patent protection on rice and silk.In Montana, both US and Thai negotiating teams me t with business representatives of Montana and were equally impressed with the importance of agricultural trade in the US. The negotiators also met with business officials within the telecommunications, financial, automobile, skill and additional service factions of the community. (World Trade Review, 2005) The World Trade Review believes that the results of this meeting and round of talks helped to surface the way for some agreement in the next round of talks. (World Trade Review, 2005)Be that as it may, relations between the US and Thailand were not without some difficulties. James A. Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia and Pacific Affairs touched on a number of issues that were problematic for the US in his address to the Asia origination in Washington, D. C. on March 13, 2002. Noting that both countries shared a mutual interest in the concepts and benefits of security, indecorousness democracy and maintaining free and open trade markets Kelly also noted that th ere was a growing intelligence in Thailand that the US was either acting in bad faith or trying to take advantage of Thailand.(Kelly, 2002) Other problems were highlighted at the Bilateral Conference on linked States-Thailand Relations in the twenty-first Century. (Bilateral Conference on coupled States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The Bilateral Conference took place in Washington D. C. on March 11-13 under the auspices of 10 senior Thai government officials who met with American trade and government officials for the express purpose of debating the important isses within the context of a bilateral trade agreement. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002)There was evidence of a argument in US-Thai relations following the US war with Vietnam from a Thai perspective. Many Thais felt that the US had neglected Thailand and felt even more disenchanted with the US following the Asian financial crisis of 1997 specially with respect tot he USs the unduly strenuous conditions placed by the world-wide Monetary Fund (IMF) with respect to Thailands aid relief. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) By the end of the 90s both political and economic relations between the two countries was quite an often tense.(Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The waning relationship was modify by a ruin on the USs part to offer a workable loans system by way of financial relief via the IMF. Further complications arose out of the USs failure to back-up the Thai Minister of Commerce and the Thai Deputy Prime Ministers nominations to hold the transmit of World Trade Organization Secretary General in 1999. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002)From the USs perspective the Thai support of the US at the United Nations was weak if at all. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand R elations in the 21st Century, 2002) Moreover, Thailand was reluctant to support the US position with respect to its EP-3 reconnaissance plane episode which involved China. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The US also had concerns about Thailands position with respect to censoring in the media.Although following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the US Thailand once again closed the gap between US and Thailand with its support. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) In the global context, Thailands difficulty arises out of a desire to balance its relationship with China with that of the US. The problem for the US is in diminishing Chinas stronghold on the Asian region and Thailand found itself having to balance its priorities with respect to negotiating its relationships with both China and the United States.The difficulty for Thailand was maintaining some sort of neutrality i n its relationships with both passing powers. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) Thailands political and economical policies formulate a desire to regularize relations within its immediate region. Of particular interest to Thailand is the strengthening of its mercenary ties to regions close to its borders. Its relationship with Burma which is characterized by a trend toward conciliatory approaches is largely problematic for the US.(Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The US would prefer it if Thailand took an isolationist approach to Burma. The problem was summarized at the Bilateral Conference. Thailand maintained what it referred to as a constructive interaction with its neighbour Burma and this caused some tension with the United States who would have preferred that Thailand adapted an isolationist stance with Burma.(Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The US was also suspicious that the Thai government was lending support to regions like Malaysia and Indonesia which the US regarded as unstable and supportive of terrorist factions. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) The US felt that the anti-American sentiments in Indonesia and Malaysia were at risk of spilling over into Thailand.Notably Thailand Prime Minister Thaksin had been choose into office after running an anti-American platform and there was a concern that Thailand was faltering in its support of the United States on its anti-terrorism policies. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002) Be that as it may, the US and Thailand had similar economic and political goals. The best approach was therefore thought to be a bilateral trade agreement. (Bilateral Conference on United States-Thailand Relations in the 21st Century, 2002)

The Coffee Crisis Essay Example for Free

The java Crisis Essay entre In 2011, Diego Comin, Associate Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, revised his 2009 case necessitate on the show upstanding sculptural relief (reproduced by permission for Capella University, 2011). The case explores whether or not the vast Moderation, defined by investopedia. com as the period of decreased macroeconomic volatility experienced in the coupled States since the 1980s during which the standard deviation of quarterly real GDP declined by half, and the standard deviation of swelling declined by two-thirds (para.1) is still in effect. This paper exit use evidence from research in a draft by Pancrazi and Vukotic (2011) that proposes macroeconomic variables in the last thirty years have not hardly experienced a reduction in their overall volatility, but to a fault an increase in their pains (p. 2). The 2011 research paper also purports that by using a New-Keynesian macroeconomic model the responsivenes s of sidetrack variance to changes in the monetary policy decreases with an increase in the persistence of technology (p. 2). The ensue, according to Pancrazi and Vukotic, is an overappraisal of the monetary influence and authority to smooth last the real economic dynamics (p. 2). The bulky Moderation and the The Great Recession. Comin, in The Great Moderation, Dead or Alive? (Capella, 2011), quotes Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve cut macroeconomic volatility has numerous benefits. Lower volatility of inflation improves grocery store functioning, makes economic planning easier, and reduces the resources give to hedging inflation risks.Lower volatility of output tends to imply more stable employment and a reduction in the extent of economic uncertainty confronting households and firms. The reduction in the volatility of output is also closely associated with the fact that recessions have become less frequent and less severe (p. 17). Comin points out that thes e conditions existed until the Great Recession of 2007 when the U. S. and other countries experienced the longest period of recession and the magnanimousst GDP contraction in the U. S. since the Great Depression (p. 17). In Overlooking the Great Moderation, Consequences for the Monetary Policy (2011), the researchers hypothesize that the Great Moderation index have been fertile ground for the recent recession (p. 3), in that technology caused an increased persistence in the macroeconomic variables (p. 4). Macroeconomic Observations. To summarize Comins (2011) account of macroeconomic activity in the U. S between 1930 and 2010, when observing the GDP during this period, he says, it is clear that since around 1984 it has been harder to observe large deviations from the average growth straddle (p.17). When examining other macroeconomic variables, Comin says that hours worked, function, investment, labor productiveness, and total factor productivity (TFP), have, for the most part, experienced stabilization by roughly the same magnitude, where the stock foodstuff has not stabilized signifi nookietly. If anything, it has become more volatile over the last few decades (p. 18). Pancrazi and Vukotic focus their research on mulling the behavior of the total factor productivity (TFP) before and after the Great Moderation (p.4)by using a basic New-Keynesian model featuring imperfect accomplishment and price stickiness, to ascertain whether a change in the persistence of TFP affects the responsiveness of the real variables to the monetary policy (p. 6). Their observations take an examination of the stability of TFP and an assessment that a higher Microeconomic meeting of the coffee berry berry crisis. The case athletic field conveys that coffee was the main source of income for roughly 25 million farmers, mostly small land holders, in Latin America, Africa, and Asia (p.1). The coffee crisis created immense hardship for these small producers in some countries, farmers had been forced to take their children out of school and put them to work (p. 1). One of the consequences of the coffee crisis that was less publicized was how larger farms and their workers were devastated. Large farms broadly speaking do not use non-cash family workers, like many of the smaller farmers do as a result of the crisis, many workers were laid off, subsequently putting larger farms completely out of business.(Price, 2003) Where some producers chose to get out of the coffee business and venture into unknown territory with a new crop, others either attempted to break into the coffee niche market or decrease their outputs. (Line Tickell, 2003) In the ICO report on the impact the coffee crisis has had on poverty, the socio-economic impact reported by the respondent countries is filled with narratives that describe families and farmers who worked in the coffee manufacturing unable to pay for medicine, food, and other essentials.Families are also reported to have migrated to cities, where there is typically no work for skilled farmers some countries report that workers have migrated leaving their families behind. (Osorio, 2003) Solutions for long term sustainability. The case study presents an outline of solutions recommended by the ICO, Technoserve (as reported to the Inter-American Development Bank) and Oxfam. The coffee bean Crisis states that, according to Oxfam, the long run solutionwas a commitment to fair trade a system in which a buyer in the commencement ceremony world agrees to pay third-world producers enough to support a decent living (p.5). Oxfam says that the fair trade social movement was designed to provide an assured income and other benefits to the farmers associated with it (Line Tickell, 2003, p. 8). Technoserve believes the following three areas offer the highest potential for sustainable impact 1. Increasing coffee consumption in producer countries and emerging market countries 2. Assisting unprofitable producers of high-quality Arabica to move into higher-priced specialization coffees and 3.Helping regions with a high concentration of marginal coffee producers who cannot differentiate their product or get by on price to diversify into other products and industries (para. 15 16). In June, 2004, Nestor Osorio of the ICO presented to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) a report titled Lessons Learned from the Coffee Crisis A Serious task for Sustainable Development. In it he outlines the economic strategies he believed would prevent a future crisis and assist coffee producer toward long-term sustainability.Two proposed policies address the supply-demand problem 1. To use the experience of the coffee crisis to create ken best achieved through the ICO in national and international bodies of the danger of embarking on any projects or programmes (sic) which will further increase supply and 2. Working to increase the benefits accruing from value-added products rather than traditional bulk commodity exports. Osorio recognizes the enormousness of the need for market development to increase demand (p. 5) also.He says that projects intended to benefit the supply chain should include actions from farmer to consumer, as well as farmer to exporter. These include 1. Support for the ICOs Quality-Improvement computer programme as a means of improving consumer appreciation and consumption of coffee 2. Action to increase consumption in coffee-producing countries themselves, which should have a number of positive effects such as providing an alternative market outlet, increasing producer awareness of consumer preferences, stimulation of small and medium enterprises, etc. as well as acting to increase demand3. Action to enhance knowledge and appreciation of coffee in large emerging markets such as Russia and China, following the successful ICO campaigns in the 1990s and 4. Protecting consumption levels in traditional markets through quality maintena nce, development of niche markets and dissemination of positive information on the wellness benefits of coffee consumption. (p. 5-6). Conclusion The coffee market has been described as an imperfect market a market that in recent years has failed both(prenominal) in human and economic terms (Lines Tickell, 2003, p. 8). The coffee crisis illuminated the impact the market had on international trade, national economies, businesses and families many in underdeveloped, low income countries. Because the regions where coffee can be grown are also many times third-world or repressed countries, coffee merchandise is considered a humanitarian concern as well as an economic issue. Where an organization like Technoserve whitethorn lean toward business partnership solutions for the coffee industry, and Oxfam may concentrate on the humanitarian perspective, the International Coffee Organization appears to have taken a balanced approach in presenting the plight of coffee producers from both altruistic and economic perspectives.Where it is understood that many depressed areas and nations depend on coffee crops for sustenance, the ICO has taken a stand that the lessons learned from the coffee crisis must be solved with the tenets of economics, coupled with social responsibility, if families, farms, businesses and coffee-producing nations are waiver to achieve long-term sustainability. References Capella University. (Eds. ). (2011). MBA6008 Global Economic Environment.New York, NY McGraw-Hill. Lines, T. , Tickell, S. (2003, May 1). Walk the Talk, Oxfam International apprise Paper, May, 2003. Oxfam International Working together to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice.Retrieved May 5, 2012, from www. oxfam. org/sites/www. oxfam. org/files/walk. pdf Osorio, N. (2002). ICO. org Documents/Global Crisis. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/globalcrisise. pdf Osorio, N. (2003). ICO. org Documents/G-8.Internationa l Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/g8e. pdf Osorio, N. (2004). ICO. org Documents/UNCTAD. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/UNCTAD. pdf Prince, M. (2003, December 3). CoffeeGeek Coffee CrisisTechnoServe Releases Fact-Based perseverance Analysis. CoffeeGeek News, Reviews, Opinion and Community for Coffee and Espresso. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http//coffeegeek. com/resources/pressreleases/technoservedec42003.

Price Fixing and the FTC Essay Example for Free

Price jam and the FTC EssayThe case was released in the mid-2006, where the Federal Trade Commission has declared that they are challenging the members of the Puerto anti-racketeering law Association of Endodontists, fellowship or the PRAE (Commissions, 2006). This is because of alleged price-fixing collaborations that they would be charging on several insurance policies and dental service that they offer.They have join forcesd and made agreements with 30 other competitors, wherein they fixed their prices at the expense of their consumers. Because of this, the FTC was forced to file a complaint against this comp all since it decreases the competition between these companies, thus higher costs will be compel on the consumers. This is a clear violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act, Section number 5. In order for this matter to be resolved, The Puerto anti-racketeering law Association of Endodontists, Corp. will have to refrain from involving in matters that instigate a nticompetitive conduct in the coming years. Through this, the Federal Trade Commission will be adequate to(p) to make sure that these dental services and other necessary wellness thrill issues will be given and addressed for the consumers at prices that they could afford. Keeping a competitive environment in the aspect of health care will open up better opportunities for the people, along with lower competitive prices.Letting health care be monopolized will lead to higher pricing and less maintenance, and would actually be a kernel to the people, the consumers. Thats why these health care providers and producers should not act as one they should not collaborate with each other in their pricing, because it takes away the aspect of competitiveness between them. The complaints against Puerto Rico Association of Endodontists, Corporation shows that in the year 2003, the company has already began its bargaining with their competitors, thus resulting to the drastic increase in five-s pot dental plans already. Another increase occurred during 2004, wherein the prices also went up because of their bargaining. Because of these actions the ones who were jeopardized were the people they were the ones who carried the burden of increased rates, since these health care issues is a necessity for everyone. The Federal Trade Commission analyzed that these drastic changes in prices have no whatsoever effect on the quality of services offered by the company, thus the additional prices were not really justifiable. It doesnt lead to a better quality of health care, thus, it is only a waste in the part of the consumers. Given the situation, the Federal Trade Commission proposed a consent order which will be solve the problem at hand. This will hopefully relieve the impact of the alleged anticompetitive actions by the Puerto Rico Association of Endodontists, Corporation and further prevent it from happening again. It would then hinder the company to have any settlements or agree ments with other endodontists and negotiate with any payor on the services that they offer, except properly arranged by the organization.ReferenceCommissions, F. T. (2006). FTC Charges Puerto Rico Endodontists With Price Fixing. Retrieved August 4, 2007, from http//www.ftc.gov/opa/2006/07/prendo.shtm

The Requirements of Quartz Sand Making Machine Essay Example for Free

The Requirements of Quartz mother wit Making Machine EssayQuartz crusher is crushing machine used for vitreous silica sand, glass take line. SBM provides quartz crushers, gravel crushers for quartz crushing, grinding. The quartzite principal constituent may be the quartz, such as ceramics, cement, glass, the visual fiber and so forth. A very large amount associated with quartz, which prompted the establishment of a lot of quartz stone pit. Quartz sand is the important artificial sand used in construction building.In quartzite quarry, we buns use quartz crushing plant for crushing quartz stone, The most typical quartz quarry is processes the actual quartz into quartz sand, quartz sand timbre directly affect the earnings of quartz quarry, so the quartz sand making machine requirements are extremely high, usually quartz crusher manufacturing fictional character low, this quartz fine sand price is low, but affects the quartz sand quality the main generate is the quartz fine san d production lines craft, our company was engaged within the quartz sand production line design already to possess more than 30 years, experienced the complete experience, the common granularity unqualified phenomenon proposed because of the quartz sand production process within the close up stone sand manufacturing line, this kind of production collection use sand making machine and in like manner the vibrating screen formed a shut path, might the effective answer stone sand quality question. The first step of processing begins after the extraction from quarry or pit. Many of these steps also are common to recycled materials, clay, and other manufactured aggregates. The first stage in most deeds is the diminution and sizing by crushing. Some operations, however, provide a step prior to crushing called scalping. Scalping most much is used to divert fines at a jaw primary crusher in order to improve crusher efficiency.In this way the very coarse portion is crushed and then r ecombined with the portion of crusher-run material before supercharge processing. This first step may, however, be an excellent time to improve a hurtful problem. If a deleterious or fines problem exists in the finer fraction of crusher-run material (namely, clay, shale, finely weathered material, etc. ) the fall-through of the scalping operation may be totally or partially diverted and wasted, or may be make into a product of lesser quality. In any case, only acceptable amounts, if any, should be returned back into the high quality product. Consideration of process variables in this early stage may be very important.

The Balanced Scorecard and Its Application to Hospitality Businesess Essay Example for Free

The Balanced S meaningcard and Its industry to Hospitality Businesess EssayThis essay will try to explore the role of the Balanced Scorecard in to twenty-four hourss nerves, in particular in hospitality agate linees. The research will start by exploring doing bill and ulterior will describe the basics of the Balanced Scorecard to finish with a practical example of the implications of non applying correctly a instruction execution measurement system in a hospitality telephone circuit. Performance measurement is described by Neely et al (1995) as the member of quantifying action, where measurement is the process of quantification and action leads to performance. Therefore performance measure is the metric used to quantify the efficiency and effectiveness of an action. These actions refers in some other words to the changes that an transcription experiment by achieving performance goals through eachocating and prioritising resources. This valu equal culture is later u sed by managers to conform or modify their strategies in order to meet these goals. Performance measurement is crucial in todays plaques becauseIt helps identifying and tracking progress against plaqueal goals It helps comparing performance against both indwelling and external standards. Ensures customer requirements have been met Helps setting sensible objectives and work towards them Provides a physical scoreboard for employees to monitor their performance Highlights tonicity problems and suggest areas for action (Kald and Nilsson 2000) Within this context, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) can be described as a strategical performance management poser that integrates a transparent set of performance measures with the organisations strategic plan.This allows organisations to define their strategic priorities and design indicators to monitor how well they are executing their strategy. Kaplan Norton, 1992). The chief(prenominal) innovation from this approach is that it provides a multifaceted view of the organisations performance and balances the traditionally discovered monetary measures with other operational non- pecuniary measures. The architects of the Balanced Scorecard, professor Robert Kaplan and David Norton believed that traditional performance measures based on financial information alone provide a very partial and short-term view of the performance of an organisation as they measure past times performance and offer very little to support organisations on their quality journey. Kaplan Norton 1996).In this aspect, other analysts have added that financial measurements alone are insufficient to provide germane(predicate) information about a confederations root problems (Malone Sinnett, 2005), it overlooks the intangible enablers of the business (Norreklit, 2000) and disregards value creation (Bicheno, 2008). either this comes to demonstrate that financial measures are simply a consequence of operational activities and only by getting the f undamentals regenerate, the organisation will be able to provide successful financial results.Taking all this into account, Kaplan and Norton identified the most intuitive components of a companys strategy and created a more hardy and balanced set of measurements that go beyond the financials. It all starts with a vision or a strategic goal and from there managers articulate a set of objectives, measures and targets in four signalize perspectives. The first is the financial perspective or how do the company look to shareholders. Metrics like the return on investment and residual income provide still valuable information but as already mentioned, not seemly to create future value.In order to drop out any financial objectives, we need first to deliver to customers, which is the second perspective. In this perspective are articulated performance measures related to customer satisfaction and the call performance indicators should answer to the question, how customers see us?. In a similar way, in order to do well what the company does for the customers, it is necessary to identify what are the vital things the organisation needs to excel at in order to use the strategy. This is the third perspective and Kaplan and Norton call it infixed processes.This approach measures aspects related to the core of the what the organisation does in order to generate profit. Finally the fourth perspective looks at the intangible enablers of the business or the learning and growth perspective. Aspects like retaining the right human capital and keeping them engaged, investing in a good IT infrastructure, or having the right organisation culture, will help the business to do the right things internally, which helps to deliver to the customer which ultimately helps to deliver the financial objectives.A very important step is choosing the aspects the company will measure in order to achieve the strategic vision. These measures are known as key performance indicators (KPIs). Ch oosing the appropriate KPIs is a crucial as they will monitor the progress towards limited goals. According to Kaplan Norton (1996), KPIs should be meaningful, unambiguous and easy to understand by all the members of the organisation. They should collect relevant data embedded in the normal organisations procedures, they also need to be able to drive improvement and should be intrinsically linked to the critical goals and key drivers of the organisation.In order to implement the Balanced Scorecard approach, Kaplan Norton (1996) identified three levels of information. The first level sits at the very top of the organisation and is where the corporate objectives are defined, the second one translates the corporate targets into more specific targets for each business social unit and the third is the team and individual level where specific objectives are articulated which means that everyone in the organisation is aligned with the top level objectives.Since its creation in the 1990 s, the BSC has evolved from a simple dashboard of performance measures into a comprehensive management system that aims to channel the abilities and specific knowledge of each member of the organisation towards achieving huge term strategic goals. Due to its simplicity, it is reported that it was the most widely adopted performance measurement fashion model in 2010. Over 50% of Fortune 1000 firms now use the BSC methodology and an estimate 85% have adopted some kind of performance measurement.Also, the BSC was selected by a panel from the Harvard Business redirect examination as one of the most influential management ideas of the past 75 years. (Harvard Business Review, 2013) However, the effectuation of the BSC is not free of challenges and legion(predicate) authors find numerous flaws. Thomas (2004) for instance argue that the BSC simply provides a count of metric results and lacks recommendations and advice.Besides there is little evidence that shows that the use of the BSC improves decision making as many companies seem to fail to act on its findings. Smith (2013) also highlights other important concerns when implementing the BSC -There is a endangerment for unclear and unworthyly designed metrics. -There is a lack of efficient data collection and reporting, particularly non-financial metrics. -It has no process improvement methodology. -It is very inwardly focused.If environmental factors such as threats and Opportunities are not considered, the BSC whitethorn not present a correct picture of the organisation in the market. Critical assessment of the exercise of the BSC in a hospitality business Although the BSC has been deployed widely amongst businesses, government organisations and even non-profit organisations, research show that it has been minimally applied within hospitality businesses (Gunasekaran et al. 2001).In my own personal experience functional for Premium earth Dining Group, part of Mitchells Butlers, the leading operator of res taurants and pubs in the UK, I have struggled to perceive evidence of the implementation of the BSC or any other framework for performance measurement in the business. After 15 months working for the organisation I still dont know what the companys strategic objectives are in the short term and what specific contributions towards those goals are expected from me as an employee.Is difficult to identify who is to unredeemed for this, but the reality is that the strategic vision hasnt permeated down the organisation. On the contrary, every day I see evidence that comes to show that the main source of comparative information used to measure performance and efficiency are still the traditional financial and accounting reports, which has been proven to provide a poor and inadequate view of the business in terms of helping decision making and provide strategic directions.Financial ratios such as net operating profit, labour costs or average covers per day are commonly used in the business to evaluate performance and are the main factors considered when prediction in terms of ordering of food and drink, preparation levels of food and staffing. These ratios along with good doses of intuition and past experience seem to be the main drivers to lead the company which in words of Kaplan and Norton (1996) is like seek to drive a car just by looking at the mirrors. Although the restaurant has the customer at its core.Although both front and back of the house do their best in order to provide a quality product, quick supporter and the best customer experience possible and although the companys saw Simply amazing pubs may give a hint about the strategic direction of the company, all these are failing to materialize because of the lack of a solid strategic performance management framework and a good set of key performance indicators that could highlight where are we failing, why customers complain and why our business is buried down on the Tripadvisor rankings and there is no plans for action.It is obvious that the company is disregarding the internal processes, as can be seen in the high staff turnover, lack of encouragement for employees to grow, and tight cost-control in maintenance which leads to difficulties in doing our job effectively. This consequently leads to long waiting times for customers and a poor service due to short staffing (customer perspective), and ultimately this poor service and unsatisfied customers affects the much regarded financial results.Definitely a more organised approach to process design and the inclusion of non-financial performance dimensions would result in an change magnitude of overall business effectiveness. Conclusion This research has found that the Balanced Scorecard or any other framework for measuring performance such as the performance pyramid, the performance matrix or the EFQM business excellence model, are effective tools in bringing together previously disparate measures into more coherent models.In t he case of the BSC, it has proven to be particularly successful in adding a much needful non-financial perspective to measuring performance and as Fitzgerald et al (1991) points, encouraging organisations to continually improve, innovate and expand their capabilities in order to gain competitive advantage, understand customers needs and adapt to the changing environment.

Hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate Essay Example for Free

Hydrochloric acid and calcium change Essay opposite is measured in ohms. A light bulb has impedance. The filament resists the flow of electricity, and glows washcloth hot in doing so. The impedance causes the bulb to only allow a portion of the current addressable in the wall socket, to flow out. A 100-watt light bulb uses more electricity from the wall than a 60-watt light bulb because the filament in a 100-watt bulb has less vindication to it. This lower resistance allows more current to flow through the bulb, consuming more power, producing more work and making more light. This work, by the way, is called Wattage. If you multiply the voltage times the current answer is in watts. Prediction for continuance I predict that when the length of the conductor, in this case constantan, is increase, the electrical resistance will subsequently increase. This means that the resistance is directly proportional to the length. For example, when the length is doubled, the resistanc e is doubled, and when the length is tripled, the resistance is tripled. Therefore, by taking 3 lengths of 10cm telegraph and putting them in series, i by one, the resistance of the circuit should, at first, double, and whence triple.Total Resistance = Resistance1 + Resistance2 + Resistance3 Total Resistance = 3 x Resistance This shows that the resistance is directly proportional to the length. This may witness because a conductor is made up of a lattice of atoms surrounded by a ocean of free electrons (found in the outer shell of the constantan atoms. ) The free electrons jump from atom to atom and stock the net flow of electrons virtually a circuit. Before a power supply is switched on, the free electrons be simply bouncing around inside the conductor.However, once the power supply is switched on, the free electrons are pulled through the circuit towards the positive terminal, and pushed away from the negative terminal, therefore creating the net flow of electrons. This ens ures that there is always the equal amount of electrons in the conductor, in this case constantan, at any given time. However, constantan is made up of atoms, which are very tightly packed together, only moving in tiny vibrations. To flow around the circuit, the electrons must use a lot of energy to get through these atoms.They crash and collide into the atoms causing them to vibrate a lot more rapidly and vigorously. This vibrating causes a change in energy from kinetic energy to heat energy, or friction. As the atoms movement increases and the metal becomes hotter, the electrons find it harder to flow. The friction is the cause of the resistance in the circuit. Therefore, using this theory, by increasing the length of the constantan, the resistance should increase, as more collisions of the electrons and the atoms will demand place. Equation Electric energy Kinetic energy Heat energy Prediction for oppressiveness electricity in a outfit is due to the flow of free electrons. T he more of these that flow every second, then the greater the current. A resistance controls the current. The bigger the resistance then the smaller the current. In a preceding(prenominal) experiment that I did, I found out that when two 10 ohme resistors are put collimate then the resistance is halved, this is because the resistance is inversely proportional to the burdensomeness. I am basing my prediction on an affinity that I reserve been told. If you were at a football game and you were queuing up to get in at the turnstiles and there was only one turnstile disseminate.It would take a long time to get through, but if you were to open another turnstile then it would take half the time to get in because some of the people have moved to the other turnstile. Picture of turnstiles So I am going to predict that when the thickness is increased then the resistance is halved. Fair Test To make this experiment a fair test, I did the followers Made sure the circuit was in proper wo rking order by putting a resistor in the circuit that I new the resistance of. I made sure the conducting wire was cut exactly to the length required.I used the same wire, Constantan. I changed the power, so I could take two readings in order to take an average. Results Length(cm) V1(volts) A1(amps) V1/A1(ohms) V2(volts) A2(amps) V2/A2(ohms) Average V/A(Ohms Length(cm) 170 150 130 one hundred ten 90 70 50 30 Average V/A 37. 25 31. 405 27. 73 24. 98 19. 98 15. 53 11. 7 7. 29 Thickness(mm) V1(volts) A1(amps) V1/A1(ohms) V2(volts) A2(amps) V2/A2(ohms) Average V/A(Ohms 0Thickness(mm).1/Thickness 5Conclusion for Length In the experiment for length, How does the Length of a wire affect the resistance, I found that my results show that the longer the wire is in length then the higher the resistance. Length graph Conclusion from Graph In my prediction, I stated that When the length of the conductor was increased, the electrical resistance will increase.The resistance was directly proportio nal to the length e. g. When the length is doubled, the resistance is doubled, and when the length is tripled, the resistance is tripled. These points are proven by this graph because it is a reliable line which means that the resistance is directly proportional to length. Conclusion for Thickness In the experiment How does the thickness of a wire affect the resistance of a wire, I found that my results showed me that the resistance is affected by the thickness of a wire, when the wire has a bigger diameter then the resistance is much lower.Thickness graph Conclusion from Graph There was an unexpected result on this graph. I expected it to be a straight line so that the resistance was directly proportional to one divided by thickness. But as you can see it has come out as a curved line. army preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Compare-and-Contrast Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Compare-and-Contrast inquiry Paper EssayIntroduction Present essay seeks to provide the comparative summary of two artworks Hoffmanns Boston Twilight, 1957, belonging to Proto-Abstract Expressionism and Rauschenbergs Retroactive 1, 1964, which may be attributed to the art movement of out- contrivance. The comparative analysis of these picture shows will focus on two crucial aspects structural and positive.Structural analysis addresses cultural, historical context, which influenced the discussed artworks, semipolitical climate, art movements stylistic characteristics, which in corpseed individual work of artists, their subjective motives, influences and inclinations. Secondly, positive analysis of the artworks focuses on the themes depicted, colorize and techniques used, lump and stylistic elements, the reflection of cultural and historical context in the artworks etc. The thesis, present stem defends, may be formulated as follows Hoffmanns and Rauschenbergs artworks were importantly influenced by historical, cultural, social and esthetical context. The fine reception to these contexts was different and reflected with opposite art movements. The discussed images belong to different artistic traditions and, thus have many differences. Similarities, however, may be attributed to the alike(p) artistic influences, and utilization of sometimes similar formal and color techniques of com lay out.Structural context art movements, history, politics and subjective perspectives. The general socio-economic and historical context of both artworks (as they were created very close in time 1957 and 1964) may be characterized by the gradual assault of potty consumption postmodernist society, which influenced the rapid development of popular culture in music, entertainment and cinema. Commoditization has reached almost every sphere of social life and closely approached art through bargain media.The increasing role of mass culture was directly seen in the ne w sphere of advertisement, which conflated the elements of high and low culture, which became central to the new postmodernist cultural logic (Jameson, 59). Political situation in the United States and Europe was characterized by the intensification of resistance and left-wing movements, which, however, aband unrivalledd communist platform and focused on new postmodernist tactics, such as situationism, counter-culturalism, influenced by new discoveries in psychoanalysis, philosophy etc.Politics also became the element of mass culture, as its raising was extended from closed couloirs of high cabinets to average population. The response of art movements to the assault of the postindustrial society was unsmooth and signifi supporttly varied from one art movement to an different. The dominance of non-objective face-liftion in 1940s and 50s was the response to vulgarization of social life, and the manifest of the absence of valuable objective themes in de-humanized world.Abstraction ism, hence was an artistic fashion of de-humanization and the search for lost subjectivity (Herskovic, 13-17). However, other extremes also came to existence. That is particularly true of the Pop-Art, which positively responded to the modern developments in economy and culture, synthesizing popular culture in the new form of art. Pop-Art was characterized by externalization of art, as the objects of ordinary life and advertisement were widely utilized. The later was particularly evident in the works of Andy warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and James Rosenquist.The similar response to changing conditions in society was made by photorealism, which exemplifies the assault of hyperrealism as the new form of cultural affirmation. Such elements of modern society as standardization, de-subjectivization was immediately seen in Pop-Art , which appeared as the resistance to self-revelation, artistic creativity and originality and focuses on the widely acknowledge cultural codes and images (Harrison 2001) . Robert Rauschenbergs and Hans Hoffmanns artistic trajectories were significantly influenced by the discussed developments in politics and ideology.Rauschenberg was, for instance, one of the forerunners of pop-art movement, as he was among the first to use hand-made or found objects in his artworks, combining the elements of high and low culture, using mass-media sources etc (Livingstone, 1990). Such experiments were influenced by Rauschenbergs strong belief that the documented artwork should exist mingled with art and life. The technique of combines used by Rauschenberg may be exposit as immediate precursor to postmodernist collage, used in installation art.Rauschenbergs mindset position deeply opposed Abstract Expressionisms argument that the self may be expressed through art. Instead, Rauschenberg focused on representation of reality in its absence of complicated body part, sense and single interpretation. Abstract-Expressionism, which was influenced by Hans Hoffman , in contrast focused on gesture picture shows and color field painting techniques. Abstract Expressionism should be mute as a historical consequence of the conflation between European and American artists due to World War 2, which forced may French, German and other artists to immigrate in the United States.Hans Hoffmann belongs to this group of artists and his destiny significantly influenced his style and ideological orientations (Herskovic, 2003). Hoffmans style was influenced by cubist tension between depth and surface, expressionist flamboyance of color and surrealist technique of automatism, which is based on following subconscious drivers of creativity and libidinal forces. The last mentioned influences were synthesized by Hoffmann in his push-pull method, which included the use of expressive colors and paint slashes in the view of creating contradiction in terms between cool and warm colors.Comparative analysis of Hoffmanns and Rauschenbergs artworks both artworks are o n the face of it affected by different artistic movements and styles. Hoffmanns composition may be posited within knock off expressionism tradition, while Rauschenbergs painting belongs to Pop-Art movement. On the surface level the similarities between these artistic may be traced in the color usage in each painting we see the utilization of yellow, green, black, white, red, white and sour colors. Moreover, the presence of grid-like rectangular layout is evident.Apart from this, both paintings are characterized by the sense of distortion. The distortion in Hoffmanns artwork Boston Twilight is due to the use of abstract expressionist style, which distorts the contours of objective reality, so that we can not find correspondence between the image and reality (Boston Twilight) that it signifies. However, in Rauschenbergs composition the distortion is reflected in the plurality of meaning and signification. The interpretation is difficult to realize due to the combination of images inserted in the painting J. F.Kennedy at the center, pointing with his finger, cosmonaut with parachute, the duplication of Kennedys hand in the right corner and evidently abstract images in other parts. There is no denying the importance of the fact, that such a combine creates difficulties for interpretation and distorts it. Furtherto a greater extent, it should be pointed to the fact that both artworks have the elements of abstraction, contrasting color tones and are influenced by Cubism in using facets of the color. Both paintings create the feeling of collage and it was noted that Rauschenbergs combine technique is very close to it.Moreover, creating current color relationships is in important in both images, however, it serves different functions, depending on style and thematic unity. Differences between images are evident in many respects. First of all, art schools are opposite with pop-art, focusing on unification of art and reality, and abstract expressionism, focusing on expressing contradictory being of individual self. Hoffmans painting is abstract in essence, while Rauschenbergs refers to widely known political and social images of American President, cosmonaut, which immediately signify objective reality.The social and political thematic of Rauschenbergs image immediately points to his belonging to Pop-Art tradition. As far as formal and color structure of the analyzed paintings are concerned blue is governing in Rauschenbergs image, while green is dominant in Hoffmans paintings the first artist uses good stress, while Hoffmann is evidently using horizontal stress. Due to stylistic differences between artworjs, colors mix into one another in Hoffmanns painting and are separated in Rauschenbergs one.Rauschenberg utilizes much more contrast, than Hoffmann, however the image of the latter is much more organic in contrast to geometric structure of Rauschenbergs composition. Conclusion To sum it up, present analysis proved the initial thesis that both artworks were significantly influenced by historical, social and cultural developments in Western societies in the middle of 20-th century. These developments provoked different responses on the part of art movements, resulting in creation of different styles and techniques.The latter are reflected in Hoffmanns and Rauschenbergs compositions, which are different in many important stylistic respects, however, have much in special K due to the same artistic influences. My interest to the discussed paintings is explained by the fact that they are picturesque representations of Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art. Main features, peculiar to each of these styles, may be found in these paintings both in complex and in separate elements. The techniques used by both artists help us better understand other artworks created in these traditions and inform our own artistic endeavors.Hoffmans image advantage is in its direct address to aesthetic taste and sensibility, while Rauschenberg ar twork represents a challenge for viewers in terms of see its political and social content. Works Cited Herskovic, Marika. American Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s An Illustrated Survey, New York School Press, 2003. Harrison, Sylvia. Pop Art and the Origins of Post-Modernism. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. New Left Review, 146, (53-92), 1991. Livingstone, M. Pop Art A Continuing History, New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , 1990